The slowly growing series of the Oxford Books of
Verse has from its inception been one of the necessaries
of life to every lover of poetry. With the single
exception of Palgrave's "Golden Treasury" no other
anthologies of such uniformly high merit have been
published. (In passing, let us express a fervent wish
that the Delegates of the Clarendon Press may issue an
"Oxford Book of American Verse" in recognition of our
alliance with England.)
"The Oxford Book of English Mystical Verse"
maintains the standards set by its predecessors, but the
reviewer of it faces one peculiar difficulty—that of
definition. What is mystical verse? None but a German
Doctor of Philosophy would dare attempt sharply to
define it, especially when the editors of the collection
frankly shirk the task. They say:
Our conception of mysticism must be found in the
poetry we have gathered together. But it may serve as a
ground for comprehension to say that in making our
selection we have been governed by a desire to include
only such poems and extracts from poems as contain
intimations of a consciousness wider and deeper than the
normal. This is the connecting link between them—the
thread, as it were, on which the individual pieces are
strung. It is less a question of a common subject than
of a common stand-point and in some sense a common
atmosphere, and the twin dangers of an uninspired piety
on the one hand and mere intellectual speculation on the
other. . .
When we abandon the hopeless effort at definition
and turn to the contents of the book, we find selections
from more than one hundred and fifty poets, ranging in
date from Richard Rolle of Hampole to John Masefield and
Alfred Noyes and in religion from Francis Thompson to
Sarojimi Nayadu and Edward Carpenter. The distribution
of the poems in point of time is interesting.
Five-sixths of them—more than five-sixths, if we count
Blake among the nineteenth century poets—are the product
of that nineteenth century which its own prophets
denounced as materialistic and skeptical beyond all
previous epochs, of this twentieth century which, we
were told before the war, was wholly given over to fads
and superficiality. Of the poems from earlier centuries
which have been deemed worthy of a place in this
collection, far more than half are the work of five
men—Donne, Herbert, Crashaw, Vaughan, and Traherne.
Contemplation of these facts awakens a dreadful qualm of
doubt. Is it possible that we have overlooked some vital
elements in our glib cataloging of nineteenth century
tendencies; that even Early Victorian England is still
too near at hand for its whole significance to be
evident?
Sins of omission are the usual refuge of the
reviewer of an anthology. Because the majority of the
poems included are the work of men of established fame
his fault-finding propensities are curbed; he lacks the
courage to attack that which public opinion has
pronounced good, and therefore pitches into the editors
for omitting work which he himself has approved of. Such
procedure would be especially easy in dealing with
anything so indefinable as mystical verse—in fact, it is
too easy to be worth doing. For the sake, however, of
keeping up a useful tradition, we may express a slight
surprise that no place has been found for Whittier among
the American poets included. Emerson and Whitman are
generously represented and there are characteristic
poems by Madison Cawein, Bliss Carman, Father Tabb, and
others. Among the work of living Englishmen we could
wish that room had been made for Kipling's strange
"Prayer of Miriam Cohen" and for more of G. K.
Chesterton's work. His "Holy of Holies" is given, but we
miss "The Beatific Vision" and other poems in which the
most robust and controversial of modern mystics declares
his faith.
The thought of Chesterton awakens us to a
realization of the most remarkable feature of most of
the poems in this collection—their clarity. Their
mystical quality is due to elevation of thought, not to
woolly-mindedness. Some poets are vague and mysterious
simply because they cannot or will not think clearly,
but most of the writers here represented are as lucid
and unconfused as St. Paul himself. Only rarely—notable
in Aleister Crowley's "The Quest," every stanza of which
requires at least one footnote to explain its symbolic
meaning—do we feel that the poet is overdoing the thing.
The true mystic can make his vision plain without
footnotes.
For the present reviewer the reading of this volume
has had at least one permanent result. A vague
impression as to the identity of the two greatest
lyrics—other than elegies—in the English language has
been changed to a certainty. Every poem in this
collection is thoughtful and sincere, many are in the
highest sense inspired, but the two which tower above
every rival as Shakespeare towers above all other
English dramatists are the "Ode on the Intimations of
Immortality" and "The Hound of Heaven." After rereading
them in direct comparison with all the best English
verse of a similar nature, we lay the book aside with
the conviction not only that they represent the highest
flight of sustained lyric inspiration in nineteenth
century poetry but that they are the most perfect
religious poems in the whole range of out literature.
—The Dial,
13 September 1917.
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